Many think of April as the month taxes are due. For the untaxed credit union system there is a more relevant event. In America, April is volunteer month. The country honors the millions of citizens who serve their communities and neighbors by sharing their most precious resource—their time.
This volunteer spirit is a vital part of American history and culture. Because the role of government was either nonexistent or limited in the country’s early years, citizens would volunteer to solve common needs. In 1736 Benjamin Franklin organized the first city fire department for Philadelphia, all volunteers. Today 65% of the country’s fire fighters are volunteers. Their collective effort is estimated to be valued at $50 billion if they were paid.
Down through history to the present day in every community, volunteers are at the center of vital social, civic and cultural activities It is an essential part of American culture. People take pride, have a sense of duty and enjoy the camaraderie these efforts offer. Just inventory your own involvements.
Cooperatives and Volunteers
The credit union movement was built by volunteers with governmental oversight often rushing to keep up. In the beginning, volunteers borrowed their “authority” to start the first coop and called it St. Mary’s Bank.
This essential contribution to the coop system’s creation is embodied in the public “definition”—non-profit, member-owned and volunteer-led. Until recently, “volunteer” meant unpaid. which is still the rule for federally chartered credit union board members.
Volunteers’ Founding Role
Every credit union active today gained their charter from the sweat equity of volunteer organizers. Often the first managers and staff were unpaid or seconded to oversee the effort while on the sponsor’s payroll. The physical location of these coop startups was donated either by a sponsor or even in a person’s home. These home-based coops were still common enough that in December 2013 the NCUA under Chairman Matz voted 2:1 to prohibit the practice in December 2013 board meeting. The effort was dropped.
The volunteer ethic is embedded in cooperative values. The seven cooperative principles (now eight) all infer or embrace the ideals of self-help and mutual interdependence. The words of the first principle: Credit unions are voluntary, not-for-profit financial cooperatives . . .
Today volunteers remain a vital component of credit union leadership. One example of this energetic leadership potential is from a recent a linkedIn profile. The student is donating part of her undergraduate career to a startup credit union on campus: Student at UNC Chapel Hill *4X World Record Mountaineer*3X TEDx Speaker*Blogger and Research Consultant*MUN Enthusiast*Cyclist* Runner-HM&FM*Badminton player*Artistic Roller Skater.
Concerns about Self-dealing in Coop Leadership
In the first fifty years of state charters, regulators were also worried about the temptations always present when managing other people’s financial resources.
In the early history of Illinois charters for example, senior managers, officers and directors could not borrow from their own credit unions for concern about self-dealing. The solution was to create chapter credit unions providing leaders an independent coop alternative. While this prohibition was changed, the call report today still monitors the total number and amount of loans outstanding to directors, committee members and senior management.
Volunteers No More?
Unlike the federal system in 22 states the credit unions are permitted to pay directors, some with formal rules, other with authority more open-ended.
For example, several years ago I worked with a state charter where directors met three of four times per month in board and committee meetings. This frequency was because compensation was based on the number of meetings attended. Meetings multiplied.
One rationale for paying directors is the need for qualified volunteers. A long- serving CEO whose directors were paid his entire tenure said the practice had the opposite effect. Less attentive directors became harder to replace as they did not want to give up their extra income.
Paying “Volunteers”
What can be learned from the increasing payments going to directors of state charters? Are these credit unions better performing versus their FCU peers? Are they more innovative? Are directors contributing in ways that unpaid volunteers may not?
While these are important issues, I believe one factor and the historical concern is already obvious and concerning. Specifically, does paying directors distort decisions away from what is in member-owners’ best interest, into what is in leadership’s personal interest or benefit?
A Case Study
There has been much public commentary and analysis of the proposed merger between Sacramento based SAFE and Tukwila, OR headquartered Boeing Employees Credit Unions (BECU). An important difference in the two states’ chartering rules is that state charters can pay their directors in Washington but not in California which follows federal practice.
Boeing Employees Credit Union’s 2024 IRS 990 shows the total compensation for the directors as $1.065 million. Chairperson Somberg received $154,375. The average pay for all nine was $118,352. Each reported working six hours per week for the credit union which equates to a $380 per hour rate.
In addition, the former CEO Benson Porter who retired as BECU President in December 2022, received $931,665 with zero working hours. The CEO Beverly Anderson who succeeded Benson reported working full time for 2024 compensation of $2,708, 880 or 17 times the average employee’s salary of $159,327.
One result from this compensation culture is that BECU has one of the highest operating expense ratios to average assets at 3.33% much higher than every California credit union over $10 billion. SAFE’s operating expense ratio in 2025 was 2.56%.
If SAFE directors were truly seeking a better performing opportunity, here are California based credit unions who are much superior to BECU in financial management and branch availability:
Golden 1 (Sacramento) Assets: $21B OpEx: 2.20% Br: 62
SchoolsFirst (Tustin) Assets: $35B OpEx: 1.81% Br: 69
Patelco (Dublin) Assets: $10B OpEx: 1.84% Br: 37
First Tech (San Jose) Assets: $30B OpEx: 2.83% Br: 56
San Diego County (S. D.) Assets: $10B OpEx: 1.84% Br: 44
Redwood (Santa Rosa) Assets: $10B OpEx: 2.28% Br: 21
Logix (Valencia) Assets: $10B OpEx: 1.84% Br: 37
Star One (Sunnyvale) Assets: $10B OpEx: 0.73% Br: 7
A second outcome of this high expense environment from one analyst’s review: members of BECU, on average, pay more for loans and earn a whole lot less on savings… The cost of operating BECU is @+15% higher than all other CU peers! (link)
Given this clear underperformance by BECU versus its peers and local California options, why did the directors of the $4.4 billion SAFE sign a “definitive merger agreement” to transfer control of all operations and all assets to an out of state credit union with no local connections, experience or proximity?
The definitive agreement has not been disclosed, except to announce that several SAFE directors will be given seats on the BECU board where in 2024 the average compensation was $118,000. SAFE directors, as a California charter, are unpaid.
Who will benefit from this compensation if the merger proceeds has not been disclosed. What is known from safecu.org and clicking on SAFE management, is that only three of the current 12 directors were members prior to being nominated to the board of SAFE. SAFE bylaws clearly state that nominees must be members in good standing. In other words the board nomination and selection process would appear to be closely controlled if not irregular.
Following the money helps understand motivation. The new director compensation available post-merger raises important questions. What are the conflicts of interest as SAFE’s board decided to transfer the entire future of this strong local Sacramento institution and its 245,000 members’ $400 million of equity gifted to BECU for free? Especially as BECU’s performance on most all critical financial measures trails large California credit unions and BECU’s national peers.
The Interests of Paid Volunteers
The founders of coops understood human nature. Payments today to state credit union volunteers follow no common pattern or rules, are limited in or disclosed long after the facs in IRS 990filings, and lack transparency and context. In such circumstances human temptations are set loose.
Today there are very limited, if any, checks and. balances on volunteer compensation. As in the multiple situations where millions of dollars are paid to CEO’s who merge their credit unions, the regulators always seem to look away from these instances of self-enrichment. No one and no set of organizations will ever be perfect. Moreover, as BECU’s results suggest, there is no relation between performance and director pay, especially at a high level.
The ongoing credit union merger free-for-alls are opening up this new form of compensation incentive payments. If SAFE is approved, there will be lots of travel to California by credit unions whose boards are paid—think of Colorado and Washington as initial sources.
But the issue is more fundamental than old-fashioned corruption. The director pay practices in some state charters are leading credit unions to an even more critical cliff edge. Recall the public coop definition of non-profit, member-owned, led by volunteers. It is “volunteers” that govern how the other two characteristics of coops evolve. Can paid volunteers be entrusted with protecting these two defining credit union charter characteristics when their own personal well being is involved? Have credit unions morphed into more for-profit leadership behaviors and rewards? But without market accountability?
What’s at stake in the SAFE-BECU proposed merger and in other similar director paid merger initiated combinations is trust in the cooperative system. For the oldest test of character is: “If you have integrity, nothing else matters. And if you don’t have integrity, nothing else matters.”