A Review of the NCUA Board’s Oversight of the NCUSIF

NCUA’s open board meeting In May had only one agenda item, the quarterly staff update on the NCUSIF.

This was an opportunity to focus on many topics that have swirled around the management of the Fund over the past year.   These include:

  • The fund’s investment strategy especially in the rising rate environment;
  • The accounting confusions using  Federal not private GAAP presentation;
  • Projections for the fund’s operating outcomes later in the year;
  • Options to more accurately present the Normal Operating Level (NOL). The ratio now uses two separate accounting period’s data;
  • The prospect of lowering the NOL to its historic range of 1.2 to 1.3% from 1.33%.

The NCUSIF’s $22 billion  is its largest asset . The fund’s unique cooperative design means credit unions have a direct financial stake in its performance.  Credit unions  should receive a dividend in years of strong performance and pay a premium in the event of mismanagement or a catastrophic loss.

As noted by Vice Chair Hauptman in the meeting:  it’s a mutual asset of the credit union movement and NCUA. . . it’s worth reminding everybody that every dollar of that one percent contribution belongs to credit union members and no other.  NCUA has the obligation to credit unions and their members to manage that fund prudently and effectively.

Board member Hood reiterated:   The 1% capital deposit which comprises most of the Share Insurance Fund’s equity is also an asset of the credit union.  We should never forget this.

I would add that the unique coop design intended the 1% deposit be an earning asset for credit unions.

The Fed’s Response to the Current Economy

As reported by CNBS:  Minutes from the Fed’s June meeting, which were released Wednesday, revealed that the central bank is prepared to use even more restrictive measures to tame surging inflation. They indicated that July’s meeting would bring another rate hike of up to 75 basis points, and acknowledged that the economy could suffer a slowdown.

“Participants concurred that the economic outlook warranted moving to a restrictive stance of policy, and they recognized the possibility that an even more restrictive stance could be appropriate if elevated inflation pressures were to persist,” the minutes said. Treasury yields, meanwhile, continued to rise.”

This is not new news.   Since October 2021 the Fed has indicated that it would change its accommodative monetary policy in response to signs of growing inflation.   That intent became explicit in December with forecasts of interest rate hikes from the historically low levels engineered in 2020 to respond to the Covid economic shutdown.

The market’s response was swift.   Through this year’s second quarter,  bond  fund valuations have fallen almost 20% in market value. The NCUSIF has gone from a market gain of over $500 million in 2020 to a market valuation loss of $1.1 billion as of the April 2022 NCUSIF report.

The NCUSIF Staff”s Response to Rising Rates

The staff’s response to this dramatic change in rates was provided in May’s presentation:  Extend the investment portfolio further by going from a maximum term of 7 years to 10 years.   Rick Mayfield, capital market specialist. stated  this strategy would place approximately 10% of the portfolio in annual buckets over the 10 year range in a one to two year time frame.

The result would raise the average weighted duration from 3.5 years to almost 6 years—at a time when the overwhelming consensus and Fed intent is that rates will continue to rise.

The continuing decline in the NCUSIF’s market value in the past 18 months shows how far the portfolio is falling short of current rates.  This below market return is lost revenue in the tens of millions of dollars.  The continuing decline is a specific indicator of the portfolio’s performance gap from current market rates.

To mechanically continue  investing in equal “buckets” over ten years is a failure of  management.

This investment extension aligns with neither the current policy nor experienced investment judgment.   No objective data or analysis was offered to support this extension to a 5-6 year duration.

Extending a portfolio does not automatically bring higher rates.  Yield curves do not always slope upward.

As an example, when yield curves invert, that is the two year bond pays more than the 10 year,  how does purchasing the lower return 10 year bond “maximize yield” per fund policy?

Managing the portfolio’s duration is the most critical function to match the liabilities for which the fund is responsible.  These include  paying operating expenses, growing retained earnings in line with insured shares, and if necessary, covering insurance losses.   Those expense liabilities can be easily quantified and monitored monthly to align with investment earnings (yield) decisions.

For example, a 2% fund yield would generate $400+ million in revenue easily meeting the operating expense and projected equity growth goals.  A 3% earnings rate should result in a dividend to the owners if insurance losses are at, or below, long term trends.

This is the integrated ALM/IRR management NCUA expects all credit unions to practice.   This management responsibility is not a fixed formula followed routinely whatever the market conditions or future outlooks.  Rather modeling tools, forecasts and judgment are used to align asset returns and the cost of  liabilities as market events change.

No Free Lunch

Even more disappointing was the assertion by CFO Schied that the portfolio’s new extension to ten years would be initiated this quarter-despite the explicit forecast of further raises from the Federal Reserve.

“ . . .with respect to the investment portfolio and consistent with the existing board approved investment policy. the investment committee has decided last month to begin to extend the portfolio ladder out to 10 years.  This is not reflected in today’s quarter one presentation because the decision to do so does not show up until quarter two which will be evident in my quarter two presentation as well as our monthly reporting that we post on the website going forward.”

Naively extending investments to “chase yield” is a common examiner criticism of poorly documented credit union investing.  Such extensions  may produce a short term income jolt but at significantly increased ALM/IRR risk.

Vice Chair Hauptman remarked:   I can say as somebody who worked in fixed income markets for years you know there is no free lunch.  We can get more income by taking more risk and in no other fashion.

There was no data presented to justify a decision to extend from 7 to 10 years in a rising rate environment, an action contradictory to traditional sound portfolio practice.  This extension was also taken in the face of increasing market losses.  This mechanical approach underperforms in the current interest rate environment.

Making a fixed rate 10-year investment  in the face of inflation and other economic uncertainties, is extremely speculative.  It severely limits management options for responding to market events and any changes in credit union insurance needs. It results in  a fixed revenue cap for an even longer period than the current practice.

The result is that NCUA’s hands are tied responding to events during this extended average life of almost 6 years. The Fund becomes dependent on other sources for liquidity or revenue, a contradiction in the fund’s fundamental financial role.

This extension announcement doubles down even after the mounting evidence of NCUSIF investment management shortcomings.  The investment policy referenced has not been updated since 2013.   But most concerning is that there appears to be no ability to objectively evaluate investment practice.

Projecting the Equity ratio And Slowing Share Growth

In addition to presenting the current investment approach, CFO Schied’s projected the NCUSIF’s NOL to June 30, providing two interesting data disclosures.

The first is that he projects an operating loss of $68 million for the NCUSIF  in the second (June) quarter versus a net income of $54.4 million in the March quarter.  That is a $122 million reversal in operating results.

Since investment revenue more than offsets operating expenses, the only possible reason for such a reversal is insurance loss reserves.  Yet all the CAMEL results are positive.  There was no indication of any major unaddressed issues.  So why this dismal forecast?

Secondly Schied also gave the agency’s 12-month insured share growth forecasts for 2022.  Actual share growth was 9.3% for the March quarter.  The projections are  7% growth at June 30, year over year; and only 4.3% for the full calendar 2022.  A significant slowdown from the past two years.

A Board Meeting with Mixed Outcomes

 

The Agency’s mechanical NCUSIF investing in the face of dramatic rate changes and increasing portfolio devaluations was a disappointment.  Extending the investment duration to almost six years (versus current 3.5 years), will only reduce the Fund’s flexibility responding to changing rates and future industry risk events.

Both Chair Harper and CFO Schied downplayed or even denied there was any real risk to extending the portfolio. Here is the Chairman’s summary observation:

The changes in the value of these(investment) assets were expected. That is because as interest rates go up the value of these bonds go down. I learned that in my finance 301 class back in college.

These unrealized losses fortunately do not impact the equity ratio and do not increase the likelihood of a premium just as unrealized gains do not increase the equity ratio. What the unrealized losses signal is a change in the interest rate environment. We are moving forward to address this issue.   The NCUA is adjusting its investment strategy from a seven year ladder to a ten-year ladder. . .

This observation is incorrect in two respects:

  1. Extending the ladder increases the portfolio’s risks, especially as it relates to meeting its matching  liability/expense requirements.
  2. As the portfolio continues to carry underwater investments, that is returns below market, then the fund’s revenue is short changed. It is credit unions that may have to pay a premium for NCUA’s mismanagement due to potential  revenue shortfalls.

Confusing Financial Presentations

The staff continues to present financial information following Federal GAAP that both confuses and misinforms readers about the actual state of the NCUSIF.

The federal presentation of the balance sheet shows that both the assets and Fund equity  have fallen this year from yearend.  That is because the decline in market value is is subtracted from both investment assets and the cumulative results of operations (equity) on both sides  of the balance sheet.  This understatement is $1.1 billion as of April 30 and increasing each month as portfolio valuations decline further.

To the user of this information, the NCUSIF appears to be reducing in size and value.

The accounting category, year to date retained earnings, is not reported under Federal GAAP.  Calculating  the Fund’s NOL trends requires this number.  However it  is not  presented in the financial statements, but must be derived from the information presented.

Finally the issue of how the NOL is being calculated using numbers from two different accounting periods was again raised by Board Member Hood. He referenced the Cotton accounting firm’s review from  2021 and its reported description of several ways the 1% true up could be presented in the  Fund’s yearend financial statements.

CFO Schied’s response to Hood’s query was:

We are reviewing and doing the due diligence over alternative approaches including that pro forma idea that you’ve mentioned in order to have a complete picture of the relative costs and benefits and to understand any potential hidden implications of any alternatives. 

Because I’m not sure back then that they realized that the change was going to lead to the timing gap that we have today.  I would look forward to updating you on these findings over the summer.

Credit unions will certainly be looking for this review!

Overall  this single-topic open board meeting identified, but failed to resolve, these ongoing  issues of NCUSIF investment management, fund financial presentation and more accurate NOL calculation.

(Editor’s note:  Later updates corrected earlier spelling error of Vice Chair Hauptman’s name)

The Supreme Court,  The Administrative State and NCUA’s RBC/CCULR Rule

The new RBC/CCULR net worth rule is the most comprehensive, intrusive and costly regulation ever passed by NCUA.

The agency’s staff’s initial estimate of the funds now restricted from increasing member value is over $24 billion. From  their December 2021 board presentation:

Under the CCULR, if all 473 credit unions opted into the CCULR and held the minimum nine percent net worth ratio required to be well capitalized, the total minimum net worth required is estimated at $111.8 billion, an increased capital requirement of $24.3 billion over the minimum required under the 2015 Final Rule. 

This is a minimum 30% increase of capital, restricting its use for members, and imposed just nine days after the rule’s printing in the Federal register.

RBC/CCULR is both procedurally and substantively deeply flawed. Instead of implementing the  legislative intent that PCA be applied to a limited number of “complex” credit unions, the regulation passed covers 85% of all credit union assets.

But what can be done especially as the NCUA board composed of different philosophies approved the rule 3-0?

A Future Opening

The recent Supreme Court 6-3 ruling in the West Virginia v. EPA case suggests there is another opportunity to withdraw the rule or to challenge its validity.

The EPA case is about much more than regulating pollution.  The 89 page opinion is here.

As summarized in a New York times article:

It . . . signals that the court’s newly expanded conservative majority is deeply skeptical of the power of administrative agencies to address major issues facing the nation and the planet.

Chief Justice Roberts, employing the phrase for the first time in a majority opinion, said it applied in cases of unusual significance and was meant to address “a particular and recurring problem: agencies asserting highly consequential power beyond what Congress could reasonably be understood to have granted.”

Another account of the decision in The Hill explains the broader significance of the Court’s reasoning:

In reaching its conclusion, the court relied on the controversial “major questions doctrine.” The major questions doctrine is a relatively new interpretative maxim that directs courts to presume that Congress does not intend to vest agencies with policymaking authority over questions of great economic and political significance.

Only Congress’s “clear statement” that it did intend to confer the claimed authority can overcome this presumption. When a court employs this maxim, it reads statutes narrowly, stripping the agency of the power to address the major question that the statute, on its face, gives the agency the authority to address.

Unsurprisingly, the main focus of the media, scholars and the public is on the consequences of the court’s move for the size and contours of the federal administrative state.  . . 

The impact of the court’s ruling on federal agency authority and power cannot be overstated.

A lawyer friend when asked,  opined: “what I’ve read about it suggests the Court is going to take a very restrictive view when assessing agency claims of regulatory authority (effectively dispensing with Chevron deference).  When the authority to regulate is clear, I have no idea how much discretion the agencies will be afforded when exercising that authority.  I’m not sure what category the RBC rules fall into.”

The  RBC/CCULR rule’s flaws include the following;

  • The agency provided no “substantial objective evidence” that the system’s capital levels were inadequate under the existing RBNW rule. Staff admitted that only one troubled credit union in the past ten years would have been subject to RBC’s higher net worth ratio.
  • The agency wrongly applied the “comparable” standard to implement a clone of bank regulations. This approach clearly contradicted the statutory intent that RBNW cover only an identified small number of “complex” credit unions that presented unusual risks. As staff confirmed in its board action memo: A special note that most, if not all, of the components of the CCULR are similar to the federal banking agencies’ CBLR.
  • There was no statutory authority for a CCULR option which Congress, in legislation, authorized only for banking regulators.
  • Nine days for implantation violates the “reasonable period of time” statutory requirement for a change in PCA capital levels.
  • The rule imposes significant financial harm to members by reducing the value they receive,  beginning with the $24 billion staff estimate. That is just the initial number. It will grow every year.
  • The compliance burden is unreasonable. It mandates a one-size-fits-all mathematical capital formula for every credit union independent of hundreds of individual risk circumstances.

A Way Out of the RBC/CCULR Morass

Credit unions can sue the agency for the substantive violations noted.  But that takes years and the harm done members will just continue in the meantime.

The most feasible course of action will be for a more informed NCUA board, responsive to the needs of credit union members, to use this Supreme Court precedent to withdraw the rule entirely.

That will require leadership, courage  and insight from current or future board members.   The first test is to ask the sitting members their views on this deregulation opportunity.

What would Hood, Harper and Hauptmann say in response to this Supreme Court interpretation?

85% of Credit Union Assets Subject to RBC/CCULR at March 31, 2022

In December 2021 the NCUA Board passed a completely new regulation of over 500 pages to imposing a new RBC/CCULR net worth requirement.  The rule took full effect on January 1, 2022, or just 9 days after posting in the Federal Register.

It instantly raised the minimum net worth ratio to be considered “well-capitalized” by 29% that is, from 7% to 9%.

All credit unions over $500 million in total assets were immediately placed under this new capital standard.   As of March 31, 2022 these 701 credit unions manage 85% of the industry’s total assets, or $1.809 trillion.

No CCULR “Off-Ramp” for 193 Credit Unions

Those subject credit unions with less than a 9% net worth ratio must comply with the Risk Based Capital (RBC) computation.  It takes five pages of call report data to calculate this one ratio.

As of March 31, there were 193 credit unions with $345 billion in assets that reported less than 9% net worth.   For them there is no CCULR off-ramp.

They are thrown into a financial, accounting and classification “wonder-land” of arbitrary ratios, regulatory accounting decisions and almost 100 distinct asset classifications.

Following the RBC requirements is a complicated mess.

For example, individual credit unions have at least four options for calculating the net worth ratio. They can use average daily assets for the quarter, or the average of the three-month end quarter balances, or the average of the current and preceding three quarter end balances, or the quarter end total.

NCUA doesn’t even try to present the industry’s total net worth in this multiple manner, just asserting that the 10.22% is the industry average even though many other calculations are authorized.

Depending on which denominator a credit union chooses to determine the ratio, the outcome may or may not be a net worth over 9%.   Net worth comparisons become much less informative for members and the public without full disclosure of the methodology used.

Changes in the ratio, higher or lower,  may reflect nothing more than different calculations, not actual soundness.

RBC’s Reach Goes Beyond the $500 million level. Another 123 credit unions with total assets between $400-$500 million are within range of the $500 million RBC/CCULR tripwire.  46 of these have net worth below 9% and hold 37% of this segment’s total assets of $55 billion.

(Data update:  324 CUs completed the RBC ratio, and reported a value on the 5300.  324 minus the 193 under 9% is a difference of 131.  These completed the RBC ratio despite qualifying  for CCULR, or they may have failed one of the tests.

This suggests credit unions want to know their requirements under either net worth option to make the optimum decisions about which to follow.)

The Members Will Pay

The increase in regulatory net worth is a tax on asset growth. It requires resources be directed to reserves held idle on the balance sheet, instead of being used for investment in credit union products and services or higher returns on savings and lower fees.

Credit unions must choose to slow deposit and asset growth to build their net worth or increase their ROA by paying less or charging more.  Whatever financial choice is made, the members will pay the cost for this additional capital.

This burden occurs at a time when members are coping with a rate of inflation not experienced in 40 years.  Instead of serving members’ needs, credit unions must first serve the regulator which provided no factual basis for the rule.

A Unnecessary Rule Not Authorized by Congress

The passage of the RBC/CCULR capital regulation met no objective safety and soundness need and contradicted the express language imposing PCA on credit unions under the Credit Union Membership Access Act in 1998.

When presenting the rule, NCUA staff stated  their analysis of credit union failures for the past decade showed that this new requirement would have established a higher capital threshold for just  one problem credit union over $500 million.

The last minute addition of the so called CCULR off ramp in 2021 was defended as a way to reduce the acknowledged new and enormous burden of RBC.   Congress passed legislation permitting banking regulators this CCULR exception.  That statue did not include NCUA or credit unions.

The fact that credit union CCULR has no Congressional authorization is just one of many improper steps NCUA took when imposing this regulatory monstrosity affecting every asset decision made by a credit union.

The regulation  is the Fruit of a Poisonous Tree failing at least five explicit requirements of the PCA legislation and the Administrative Procedures Act.

So why didn’t credit unions sue?  Why did two board members go along with this deeply flawed regulation and process to make the passage unanimous?

What options are now possible to overturn a regulation  that injects the federal insurer into literally every specific balance sheet and asset decision made by credit unions?

Tomorrow a new approach to eliminate this rule, take away the burden, and return responsibility for the management of the credit unions to the members and their board and managers now appears possible.

Note:  Additional details of this flawed regulation can be found in these articles.

https://chipfilson.com/2022/02/cculr-rbc-unconstrained-by-statute-an-arbitrary-regulatory-act/

https://chipfilson.com/2022/02/thedisruptive-costly-reach-of-cculr-rbc-30-40-billion-for-initial-compliance-no-longer-available-for-members/

https://chipfilson.com/2021/12/why-the-rbc-cculr-should-be-abandoned/

https://chipfilson.com/2022/02/cculr-rbc-unconstrained-by-statute-an-arbitrary-regulatory-act/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Face of Freedom: July 4, 2022

Each generation learns the price of liberty.

This July 4th, America and  the world are  indebted to  Volodymyr Zelensky, President of Ukraine.  His courage and commitment  defending  freedom is a beacon that will shine throughout the ages.   

A Prayer Sung for Ukraine

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKSWmJk-kro)

Seeing the Impossible: A Musical Led by Deaf Actors

Entering the July 4th weekend, my wife and I were looking to have an evening out and see a live stage show.

Our choice was Meredith Wilson’s The Music Man.  Opening night had been delayed by several days because of Covid within the crew; tickets were easy to find on the Friday before the holiday.

We looked forward to the familiar story of Professor Harold Hill trying to con an Iowa town into believing he could create a boy’s band with uniforms and then skip out with the cash.

The musical’s songs are now familiar to all generations including Seventy-Six Trombones, Ya Got Trouble, Marian the Librarian, The Wells Frago Wagon, plus two barbershop quartets of men and women singing Lida Rose and Goodnight Ladies.

As one reviewer stated about the production on opening night: Professor   Hill is a high-octane opportunist with a jaunty strut and an eye for all exploitable human weakness, Caverly’s Hill is so raffishly charming it’s no wonder River City falls for his racket — except for the librarian Marian Paroo .

Hill sells his con in the opening number: Watch his delectable sneer when he compares pool to horse racing (that devil’s sport!). Spot how he deftly weaves the evocation of a pool cue’s motion into his spiel. Relish the assessing glance he sneaks at his enthralled dupes. Hill is effective because he’s a brilliantly calculating showman — but also because he revels in his own hoax.

The Impossible Surprise

We did not know, until scanning a review,  that this production would be by a cast of deaf and hearing actors.   Professor Hill signed all of his songs while his companion, Hill’s old friend Marcellus Washburn, sings most of Hill’s songs, including the exuberant “Seventy-Six Trombones.”

Half of each barbershop quartet is hearing.  All use American sign language with  two parts backed up by singers at the side of the stage.

All of the “dialogue” whether spoken or signed is projected on screens along the top and back of the stage.

The theatrical experience was extraordinary.  American Sign Language is communication with hands, arms and face.   All of the deaf actors performed their lines with the same expressions and physical movements as if they were speaking.

It was not the static signed interpretation one might see in newscast alongside the main speaker.  These people were performing their characters integrated fully into the play’s action.

For me one of the memorable moments was the opening dance number of the second act Shipoppi.  Harold dances with Marion, and actress who both signs and sings.  How did he keep the dance rhythm? Harold didn’t miss a beat, even without hearing!

A Takeaway

When we had read  that the production would include both deaf and hearing actors, we were skeptical.

But the experience was magical.   The story and songs are the same presentation of a salesman’s flimflam hustle testing an Iowa town’s hard earned down-to-earth integrity.

To see deaf actors in leading roles and singing actors signing gave the production an exuberance that seemed deeply genuine not merely theatrical.

(photo by Teresa Castracane)

It is ironic that the show’s lead role, the huckster Harold Hill, had to overcome his character’s own moral failures while navigating his real human deafness in playing the part.  In doing so, he gave the role a double meaning it would normally lack.

I could not help but think of a parallel to some of the experiences credit union people convey.   Yes, they believe in what they do and want their institution to do well.

But the really great ones do more by showing that the meaning underscoring each relationship is that everybody does matter.  Harold Hill’s character played by a deaf actor became about much more than a play.

Or as one character states: “I couldn’t make myself any plainer if I’see a Quaker on his day off.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit Unions and Small Town America

(This is an observation based on three previous write-ups about my 60th high school reunion.)

My reunion visit to Rensselaer, IN (pop.6,000) had some surprises beyond the high school alumni gathering.

Ten years before (2012), the town’s main street seemed in decline.  New school buildings, a strip mall with a Walmart and several assembly/distribution  plants were located on the outskirts, not in town.

In 2017  St. Joseph College closed due to financial shortfalls.  The college served as the creative ying to the farming yang of the community.  What could replace this intellectual and institutional resource?

The Changed Environment-Ten years Later

At the Rensselaer City Council’s June 21st meeting a presentation was made from a firm which specializes in attracting  new residents to smaller communities to support economic development.  This is  from  the Rensselaer blogspot report of that proposal:

A company called MakeMyMove gave a lengthy presentation to the Council. The company, based in Indianapolis, is a marketplace that connects communities with workers who work remotely. So far this year they have helped 14 Indiana communities with 52 relocations with 59 others being processed. The idea is that a community pays MakeMyMove about $35,000 to prepare a marketing package and a listing on their site. The community also prepares an incentive package that usually includes funds for relocation.

The State of Indiana has funds that might be used to help a community with these costs. Some members of the Council were intrigued with the idea but others had reservations about the cost and whether Rensselaer would compare well with the other communities using the service, all of which were bigger than Rensselaer.

The community that was given as a comparison was Greensburg, which is about twice our size. The proposal was taken under advisement, and what happens next is unclear.

The National Movement to Smaller Communities

At the same moment the Wall Street Journal published a story with a similar theme: Rural Counties are Booming, But Can it Last?

The article pointed out that pre-pandemic, rural areas were growing slower and losing population compared to larger towns and  cities.  Those trends have now reversed for a number of small towns as related in the article:

  • Rural counties saw a net gain in population in the twelve months ending June 2021;
  • Remote work possibilities were an important driver of these relocations;
  • Job postings in rural areas increased 52% in the three years ending 2021;
  • Wages were growing faster in rural (6.3%) versus urban (5.7%) areas  in the same three years;
  • Housing is much more affordable in smaller towns;
  • Persons appreciate being part of a tight knit community and still live within commuting distance of bigger cities.

My brief visit to Rensselaer supported many of these advantages.   As shown in my earlier posts, wages are high and workers in short supply.   There are new businesses opening and investment in older ones.

Here are two examples: a new brewery begun in 2017 and since expanded, and continued local ownership of the Ritz Theater first opened in 1925.

The local owner even works the snack and ticket line before the show starts.

The economy is becoming more diversified with new services opening including health care, retirement living, Walmart and new restaurants.    Rensselaer also has three radio stations, two country and one classic rock.

Even though St. Joe college is closed, there are continuous efforts to use the buildings and campus for further education.

The public mural project is an example of a town going through a unique transformation that brings visibility and fresh thinking to visitors and residents.

Rensselaer is driving distant from three major cities, Lafayette (with Purdue University), Indianapolis and Chicago.   The town continues to invest in public infrastructure and new government funded buildings such as the National Guard base, fire station and a government business office.

Credit Unions and Community Transitions: A Home Court Advantage

The origins of credit unions were common bonds, that is people who had pre-exiting relationships  that could  be the basis for pooling  funds to help fellow members.

This  “community” feeling is generally stronger in smaller towns and in rural areas which should make these a natural fit for a credit union, what might be called a home court advantage.

To succeed in these markets will require the same commitment, patience and creativity to support their transformation that  local leaders are providing.  Smaller size is an advantage in smaller markets.

Action Steps

Find out if there are Rensselaer kinds of opportunity in the areas you serve.   To grow larger, most people believe that an organization should seek out bigger markets.  In fact the opposite may be true.

Rensselaer’s five bank branches have an asset base of almost $400 million.  A 6-8% market share of the town’s deposits would be a healthy branch or in some cases support a standalone operation.   Once established, growing that share from out of area bank branches should be possible.

Almost  every state has many more Rensselaers needing credit unions than there will be big city options such as Indianapolis, Gary, South Bends and Evansvilles.

For a number of these smaller markets the quality of life, the cost of living and the opportunity to make a difference will make them an ideal fit for lasting impact with a cooperative charter.

As the sign in the jewelry store said:  Shop local, Buy local. 

 

 

Transforming a Farming Town With Murals

(This is the final of three posts about my 60th high school reunion visit to Indiana)

Buildings in downtown Rensselaer and parks are covered with 41  professionally painted murals.  The above picture (by Moberg) of the town’s name includes a landscape of Indiana. Most of the paintings are completely unrelated to the town itself.  They are public art by a group of professional artists from the US and overseas.

Most murals are painted on the backsides (alleys) of buildings.  They present a whole new  dimension for this small farming community of 6,000.

How the Project Started

The initiative was spearheaded by Ryan Musch a local restaurant owner, member of  the Prairie Arts Council, and a part time photographer-artist.  He had worked with fellow council member Bob Lewis (who died in 2014) to develop the idea.

In 2016 with the support of the Tippecanoe Arts Federation he invited  public artist Cameron Moberg to complete an initial work  next to his business.

Cameron lives in San Francisco. He is a  Pastor and a self-taught artist who fell in love with the trade as a child. His color deficiency, combined with his love of the 80’s, has influenced his use of vivid colors as they are the only colors he can truly see.

In this 2014 video (before his Rensselaer project) he raps about his purpose of working with kids and painting murals to give hope.   He hopes his public art will show that there is something bigger than us; something bigger than what we can create.

The reaction to Moberg’s initial creation below was so positive that Musch drew up a 35 page business plan to use art to transform the community and to make Rensselaer a destination for visitors.

2019 article An Amazing Public Art Walk   showed the success of this joint vision: This art initiative was possible thanks to the curator,  Cameron “CAMER1” Moberg, who wanted to give Rensselaer an “inspiring identity” that would help its tourism, along with Ryan Musch, co-owner of eMbers (a local event venue, bistro and craft bar) who assisted in coordinating the project. Cameron came up with the initiative to bring in four of his friends, whom are all world-renowned muralists, to paint the town (literally).

Disaster Strikes-The Effort is Reborn

But in the summer of 2019 disaster struck.  A block long fire destroyed downtown buildings and some of the murals.

In 2020 the project was restarted with a Go Fund Me site seeking broad public support.  Musch  described the benefit  in this public fundraising as  enhancing the quality of life:

A creative environment nurtures creative thinking. Public art is for everyone. It’s a benefit for a community as EVERYONE can participate in some capacity. Over 100 adults and children picked up a can of spray paint and participated. EVERYONE that wants to participate, gets to participate. The REN ART WLK once again, is for EVERYONE.

This colorful initiative has brought a new look and spirit to this traditionally conservative community.

The Renn Art Walk web site has a map showing all the murals with  photos and artist’s names updated through 2021.  It lists the foundations, businesses and individual supporters of the works.

The history of this mural public art enterprise describing the eleven works added in July 2021 and them working backwards in time can be read at  Rensselaeradventures.blogspot.

Now take a short art walk to view some of the paintings in this public gallery.

On the entry mat below is how one Rensselaer business greets its customers.  A spirit inspired by having art all around.

Rensselaer’s Farmer’s Market

(This is the second of three posts from my 60th high school reunion this June)

Most Rensselaer residents do not live there to seek fame and fortune.  They value  the intimacy of  community, relationships going back generations and the shared experience of earning a living through one’s own skills.

The Saturday morning local Framer’s Market illustrates these common motivations.

It opens every Saturday from 7:30-11:30.  Each participant pays $10 for a parking space size stand on the County Courthouse square.  Or one can pay $40 for the entire season.

The Market is self-managed (a coop model) with  a two-page Policy and Vendor contract.  The purpose reads:  The Framer’s market is to provide a retail business outlet (not wholesale) for local growers/producers of goods or to market their products. Established retail businesses are ineligible under Market policies.

There is an annual Call Out meeting in early spring to approve the policy and  contract which each vendor signs.  All must be full time residents of Japer County or an adjacent county, be 18 years of age or accompanied by an adult.

The Market Master is Brandy Luttrell who monitors the operations each Saturday, collects the $10 fee and insures the rules regarding signage, cleanliness, sales tax and booth locations are followed.   Prior to becoming the Master, Brandy was herself  a vendor.

The Local Vendors

Stephanie Davisson’s booth was the first in line the Saturday we visited.   She grows and sells flowers,  Lavender Lane cachets both dried and fresh.  But this is just one of her many local endeavors.

She is the choral instructor at Rensselaer High School.   Another responsibility is the Youth Leader and church organist on Sundays at the First Presbyterian Church.

Her Rensselaer roots go back generations.  Her father-in-law is Terry Davisson who was my sister’s classmate in 1961. He was accepted at West Point but left after his father died.  He played football at St. Joe’s and tried out for the Dallas Cowboys.   I was next to him at left end when he was on offense as left tackle. On defense the coaches positioned him opposite the other team’s toughest player whether that was as a lineman or linebacker.

Terry died in an auto accident  in 1977 at the age of 34. RHS established an annual football memorial scholarship award which reads: In honor of Terry Davisson former Rensselaer athlete, teacher and coach for his desire to instill in young people the dedication to live up to their potential, now matter what their potential was. 

Local  Offerings

The Adam’s family booth is two sisters.  They sell seasonal produce from their 5 ½ acre farm to earn money in the summer.   They also raise rabbits, ducks and chickens for eggs, goats for milk and other occasional  small livestock.  The girls do the farming as the parents both have full time jobs.

One booth sells  frozen meat.  The price list shows  the marks  of inflation!

Working while waiting for sales.

A local wood carver.

Baked goods and jellies are numerous.  I bought a bread loaf, biscotti and dandelion jelly.

Homes for birds including one in denim.

The morning’s end.

This brief Saturday commerce event is a microcosm of the larger town. We bought our share of local goods, but what we remember most was the conversations.   People are enthusiastic about this opportunity to show and sell their handiwork, and talk.

Tomorrow: Transforming Rensselaer with public art murals.

Learning from  My High School Experiences  or, Back Home Again In Indiana

(Note:  the next three blogs were inspired by attending my 60th high school reunion in June.  For most Americans, these years are the most widely shared common participations  of our lives. These posts are a perspective on their influence  later in life.)

The teenage high school years are times of ever-expanding new life experiences.  However it may take decades before one understands the significance of these happenings as an adult.

Would attending my 60th high school reunion in Rensselaer, Indiana be worth the time and effort?  I was in RHS only 2 ½ years there before  transferring to Springfield, Il in the middle of my junior year when my Dad took a new job in the town in which he grew up.

I’d probably not recognize anyone.  Had kept in touch with just two classmates. The only planned group event was a Saturday evening meal, with many whom I would be meeting for the “first time.”  Would this just be a nostalgia trip?

After the weekend, one classmate shared a note which characterized her feelings.  Even though my time in Rensselaer was much shorter at five years, her words also captured my experience:

The 60th anniversary milestone caused me to reflect on the blessings of the first 18 years of my life.  My family, friends, schools, church and community provided a sense of security and belonging that I never questioned or doubted. The emphasis on self-discipline, hard work, integrity, wise choices and faith provided a solid foundation on which my whole life has been built.  I am so  grateful that I was–and always will be–an Indiana farm girl.  

Rensselaer in Perspective

The reunion  reminded me that who we are today is deeply influenced by where we came from.  It also called attention to why the cooperative model’s roots were first planted in farming communities across America.

Rensselaer is a farming town, the county seat of Jasper County.   On google maps, It is 84 miles from Chicago. It was sufficiently remote and lacking  big city attractions that Chicago Bear’s owner George Halas held the team’s summer training camp at St. Joseph’s College in Rensselaer from 1944-1974.  The athletes ate in a basement cafeteria under the campus’ large chapel building.  There were strict curfews.  Nothing to distract.

The College was founded in 1889 but due to financial deficits was closed in 2017.  The campus is intact today waiting for its next evolution.

St. Joe’s chapel  bell  still rings each quarter hour. Cornfields bind the college on three sides while the sports grounds on the campus’ south side snuggled up next to the parking lot for the town’s bowling  alley.

The Town’s Foundation

Rensselaer’s economic base is agriculture.  Farming requires patience; nature can’t be hurried.  Results accrue from persistence and hard labor.  Time is measured daily from sunup to sun down. The  changing seasons mark the longer passages of time.

Rensselaer is the country seat for Jasper County which had a negative .2% population growth over the last decade.  In contrast the US population increased 6.5% and Indiana’s 4.1%.

The town’s  population is just over 6,000. In the 2020 census, the county’s population is 91.2% white (non-Hispanic) and the demographic group increasing the most  is Hispanic/Latino which comprise 6% of the population.

That probably explains why there are now four Mexican restaurants in town versus none when I visited ten years earlier for the 50th reunion.

One even featured a mural of Mexican artist Frida Kahol on the inside of a newly opened restaurant.

Farming is the Priority

Several new businesses have opened in the town in the last decade, but farming is still the economic foundation.

The largest non-farm related businesses/employers opened after 2000 and include:

  1. Franciscan Healthcare
  2. Sealy Mattress Corp
  3. Talbert Manufacturing Inc
  4. Donaldson Co
  5. Conagra Foods
  6. Rensselaer Care Center
  7. Walmart

Businesses are hiring.  Conagra’s Orville Redenbacher popcorn facility is looking for people by offering $20-$34 per hour, a 9% 401 K match, paid maternity leave, gym membership and a $1,500 perfect attendance bonus.

McDonalds is aggressively seeking help with the slogan We Need YOU and starting pay of $12 per hour.

Five banks have branch offices in Rensselaer.  First Trust Credit Union had a branch but closed it ten years ago.  Their former office now houses the town’s bakery.   The five banks’  total deposits  as of June 2021 were  $363 million, a 16% increase over the prior twelve months.

The High School Experience

My 1962 high school class graduated 106.  Six decades later the high school’s 2022 senior class was just one more.  Becoming bigger is not a primary goal of the community.

High school is the most widely followed experience in town.

The old high school building  is gone, replaced by a new single level sprawling campus surrounded by  multiple sports fields and courts on the edge of  town.

Sports are a major high school commitment with ten boy’s and girl’s teams. In my one varsity junior year there were just three boy’s sports (track, basketball, and football) and  no girl’s teams.

Today there is a full-time athletic director but most of the coaches are part time, with jobs outside the school system. In the last three years two RHS girls placed first in the state’s track meet in shot put. The boy’s football team won the state championship for division 2 (the next smallest out of 6 divisions) in 2014.

The school produced two plays this past year, the musical Princess Ida and a Shakespeare production.  The seniors in the art class are able to paint and attach their work to the ceiling tiles around the school.  They can paint their own spaces in the car parking lot.  But no painted senior cords, the tradition in my era.

Instead of Latin, Spanish is now the  foreign  language option. Classes are offered for future farmers and  technical trades including welding .  The welding course was over subscribed so the school installed  two more stations for the class. These students can walk right into local jobs one teacher said.  Between 80-90% of seniors go on to further education.

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Religion and Politics

Religious options continue to expand in the community, both longstanding and new denominations.  Twenty three churches are listed for Rensselaer in the Worship Guide of the local advertising  handout.

My dad was minister at the First Presbyterian Church which is celebrating its 175 anniversary this year but is trying to find a full time pastor.  The church yard contains the family grave for the person after whom the town is named:  James Van Rensselaer.

Rensselaer had two local newspapers in my era.  The six-day afternoon local paper was called the Rensselaer Republican.   The weekly was the Jasper County Democrat.  The Republican is now a once-a-week publication covering multiple towns and counties across northern Indiana.  The Democrat no longer exists.

In the 2020 Presidential election Trump received 74%  and Biden 25% of the vote in Jasper County.  Statewide the totals were closer: 57% to 41%

The town’s most famous politician was Charlie Halleck who served  in Congress from 1935-1969 and was House Minority leader from  1959 to 1964.  He gave a speech nominating Wendell Willkie, a fellow Hoosier,  as the Republican candidate in 1940.  In 1948 he was thought to be a vice presidential option for Thomas Dewey who instead chose governor Earl Warren of California as his running mate.

As House Minority leader Halleck would partner with Senate Minority leader Everitt Dirksen to become the Washington face of the Republican party in their news  conferences called the Ev and Charlie Show.   Halleck opposed the social liberal programs of the democrats.  But supported the Vietnam War and the several Civil and Voting rights Acts of the 50’s and 60’s.

Conservative  Shared Values

Even as wind turbines now add a new source for farm income and new businesses open in town, change occurs slowly.  Making a living from the land  is for most farmers a lifelong commitment to a place.

Tradition matters. Summer events include tractor pull contests, vacation bible school (VBS), family picnics in the covered park shelters, summer plays (The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee), baseball and a full schedule of public library events.

Following Its Own Time Line

Indiana is divided into two time zones.  Rensselaer is part of the northwestern counties that follow central time.  The rest of the state and most big cities are on EDT.

Farming shapes the pace of change.  Work flows with the seasons. Planting crops is a partnership with nature.  It is not a manufacturing process to produce  a product.

Nature’s output is at a different rhythm than the speed of the modern Internet economy.  Growth must be nurtured and is always subject to forces outside one’s control.

This timeless human endeavor creates respect for the land and those who depend on it. Values of endurance and resilience are essential.  Results come from consistency, not scaling up or being first to market.

Farming creates community through a shared destiny.  For many farmers it is a multi-generational ambition. Their fondest  hope is that their children will take over the family business.  The You-Only-Live-Once (YOLO) mindset is contrary to the deepest instincts of farmers.

This conservative temperament is not limited to farming.  It can be a foundation for a well-served life  in any occupation or place. That I believe is what my classmate meant when writing she was glad to have been an Indiana farm girl.

In following articles, I will share an unusual public mural art effort in Rensselaer and visit the Saturday Farmer’s market.  Both capture the town’s enduring spirit.  And why it survives.

A 60th RHS reunion after dinner photo

My best high school friend was Dale Garriotte.  We shared sports together, delivered  newspapers on our bikes and both ended up in the Navy.

Chip and Dale in 1961 during Easter weekend finishing up our junior year.

Chip and Dale at the 60th RHS reunion:

The Supreme Court’s  Roe Reversal and a Lesson from Credit Union history

Back to the Future

Noah Regan’s cartoon below portrays the logic of the Supreme Court’s overturning the Roe v. Wade precedent.

Supporters of the decision openly assert this puts the US back to what the situation was 50 years ago.  The “freedom to choose” right will now be a state by state determination.   The legal circumstances will vary widely in every jurisdiction.   Even within a single state, the decision could be modified anytime there is new political leadership elected.

Women and their partners will find themselves in an ever changing legal and/or criminal status.   This was an overt political decision.  The courts and lawyers demonstrated their profession’s singular ability to present arguments about woman’s rights that are completely contradictory to each other.  Therefore the solution will be political, not legal.

A Credit Union Perspective

How does a Supreme Court decision that goes against both precedent and common sense get changed?

Two of the current justices were involved in the NCUA vs. First National Bank and Trust case decided in February 1998 in a 5-4 decision written by Justice Clarence Thomas.  The lawyer presenting the NCUA-credit union position was John Roberts, now Chief Justice of the Court.

The court ruled that the NCUA’s interpretation of       § 109 of the Federal Credit Union Act (FCUA) that: “federal credit union membership shall be limited to groups having a common bond of occupation or association, or to groups within a well-defined neighborhood, community, or rural district” -permitted federal credit unions to be composed of multiple, unrelated employer groups, each having its own distinct common bond of occupation” was incorrect.

NCUA General Counsel Bucky Sebastian in 1983 had interpreted, and the Board agreed,  that in section 109 the word “groups” was plural, and therefore authorized multiple group charters.

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Bank position that the NCUA’s decision was contrary to law because § 109 unambiguously requires that the same common bond of occupation unite each member of an occupationally defined federal credit union.

Justice Thomas wrote: “the NCUA’s interpretation makes the statutory phrase “common bond” surplusage when applied to a federal credit union made up of multiple unrelated employer groups, because each such “group” already has its own “common bond,” employment with a particular employer. If the phrase “common bond” is to be given any meaning when the employees in such groups are joined together, a different “common bond”-one extending to each and every employee considered together-must be found to unite them.”

This Supreme Court also overruled a district court’s decision that NCUA had correctly interpreted § 109 following the Chevron precedent of deferring to Agency discretion when implementing a Congressional statute.  Note:  this week the Supreme Court is expected to announce a decision which may modify the Chevron precedent.

The Credit Union Response

This FOM ruling would have put federal credit unions back into the legal and practical world of 1934 when the Federal Act was passed.   The court decision ignored the entire history of credit unions and the evolution of financial services under deregulation.   Common sense and real world events made the court’s finding both impractical and a potential end to the federal chartering option.

For decades almost all state systems had much more flexible common bond regulations than NCUA’s.   If the ruling stood, there would have been a wholesale conversion to  state charters.

Credit unions mounted a coordinated and united campaign to change the federal law to continue NCUA’s common bond interpretation that had been followed for almost 20 years.  The result was the passage of the Credit Union Membership Access Act (HR 1151) by congress and signed by President Clinton on August 7, 1998.  This action preserved the NCUA’s FOM regulations albeit with a new set of regulatory requirements under the label of Prompt Corrective Action.

In this situation the state system was  where consumer’s freedom to select a coop financial option was preserved.

Women’s Rights

In the Roe decision, the return to the states to determine what rights a women has, will have the opposite effect of the credit union example.

The Court’s decision echoes an earlier time in our history:  “A house divided against itself cannot stand,” Lincoln warned Americans. “I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do not expect the house to fall—but I do expect it will cease to be divided.”

The credit union case is very different in scope and political significance.  However both decisions show the Court’s willingness to turn back the clock, to ignore real world consequences, and throw issues back to the political process.

The common thread in these retro interpretations is the role of Justice Thomas.  He wrote the credit union opinion and assigned the Roe one.

The Roe reversal will, as in the credit union circumstance, require political action.   The court’s abortion  decision resolves nothing.  Like the credit union case, it will eventually come back to congress.